Week 1–2:  Conception

During the first two weeks of pregnancy, you’re not technically pregnant yet! Your body is getting ready, and ovulation is approaching, with conception typically happening around this time. Around day 14 of your cycle, an egg is released from your ovary; this marks the start of your baby’s journey.

Week 3: Fertilisation and Implantation

The fertilised egg becomes a tiny ball of cells known as a zygote. This little zygote travels to your uterus and gets implanted into the uterine lining. During this time, you may not even know that you’re pregnant, but some women experience some very early signs, such as light spotting (called implantation bleeding) or mild cramping. 

Week 4: Embryo Development

The fertilised egg is now officially called an embryo. Although it's still smaller than a grain of rice, your baby is already growing at an incredible rate. The embryo is busy forming the neural tube, which will eventually become the brain and spinal cord. Your body begins producing pregnancy hormones, and you may feel those early pregnancy symptoms.

Organ Development

The embryo’s heart, circulatory system, brain, and spinal cord begin forming in the first month. By the end of this month, the foundation for vital organs will be established, setting the stage for future development.

Physical Feature

At this stage, the embryo is tiny, resembling a cluster of cells. By the end of the month, it develops a discernible shape, with early signs of limb buds starting to form, indicating where arms and legs will grow.

Weight of the Foetus

The embryo is tiny during the first month, weighing only about 0.1 grams. It is roughly the size of a poppy seed, making early growth crucial for future development as it progresses into the second month.

Baby Movement

The embryo does not exhibit any noticeable movements in the first month. Early development focuses on organ formation, and while reflexes will emerge later, significant movement will not occur until the second trimester as the baby grows.

Missed Period

One of the earliest changes your body goes through is it stops the menstrual cycle. You stop having your periods from conception till the baby is delivered. 

Breast Tenderness

Your breasts may become swollen, tender, or sensitive as your body starts preparing for breastfeeding. You may also notice darkening of the areolas and more prominent veins due to increased blood flow.

Bloating

Hormonal shifts, particularly increased progesterone, can slow digestion, leading to bloating and mild discomfort. Your stomach may feel fuller than usual, even though you’re not visibly pregnant yet.

Increased Basal Body Temperature

You may notice a slight rise in your basal body temperature, which remains elevated due to increased progesterone levels, an early indicator of pregnancy. It’s normal and nothing to worry about.

Mild Spotting

Some women experience light spotting, known as implantation bleeding, when the fertilised egg attaches to the uterus's lining. This is usually lighter and shorter than a typical period cycle.

Skin Sensitivity

Due to increased blood circulation and hormonal changes, you may experience more sensitive or dry skin. Skin in some places, like the face, may also darken due to a natural increase in melanin.

Foods to Eat:

• Folic Acid: This vitamin is critical for preventing neural tube defects. Stock up on leafy greens, beans, citrus fruits, and fortified cereals.
• Protein: Proteins are vital for the growth of your baby. Include lean meats, eggs, beans, lentils, and nuts.
• Whole Grains: Whole grains such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oats offer a sustained release of energy to keep you going.
• Calcium: This mineral is essential for your baby’s bones and teeth. Dairy products, almonds, and tofu are excellent sources of calcium.
• Iron: This mineral helps your body create the extra blood needed during pregnancy. Spinach, lentils, and lean meats are good choices for iron.

Foods to Avoid:

• Raw or undercooked meats, eggs, and fish: These carry bacteria or parasites like salmonella, which can harm you and your baby.
• High-mercury fish: Avoid large fish like swordfish, sharks, and king mackerel, as they can contain high levels of mercury.
• Unpasteurised dairy: This can contain bacteria like listeria, which may be harmful during pregnancy.
• Caffeine: To avoid potential risks, limit your caffeine intake to less than 200 mg daily (about one cup of coffee).
• Alcohol: There’s no safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy, so it’s best to avoid it altogether.

Safe Exercises to Do:

• Walking: A simple, low-impact exercise that keeps you moving and boosts your mood.
• Prenatal yoga: An excellent way to improve flexibility and reduce stress.
• Swimming: Perfect for staying fit without putting strain on your joints.
• Pelvic floor exercises: Strengthening these muscles can help support your growing uterus and prepare you for delivery.

Exercises to Avoid:

• High-impact activities: Running, jumping, and other intense workouts can put too much strain on your body.
• Contact sports: Sports like football, hockey, or anything with a risk of abdominal injury should be avoided.
• Hot yoga or saunas: Raising your body temperature too high can increase the risk of complications.

First Prenatal Visit

Schedule your first prenatal appointment to confirm the pregnancy and begin care. The doctor will review your medical history, conduct a physical exam, and discuss lifestyle adjustments.

Blood Tests

Blood tests are conducted to confirm pregnancy through hCG levels and assess overall health, including blood type, Rh factor, haemoglobin levels, and immunity to various diseases.

Urine Tests

Urine tests check for infections, sugar levels, and proteins, helping you detect early signs of pregnancy-related conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs) or gestational diabetes.

Early Ultrasound (If Needed)

In some cases, the doctor may recommend an early transvaginal ultrasound to confirm the pregnancy, check the gestational sac, and rule out ectopic pregnancy. This scan can also help estimate the due date.

Mental Health

A mother’s mental health affects both her well-being and the fetal environment.  Factors like hormonal changes, stress, or pre-existing conditions can lead to symptoms such as mood swings, persistent worry, fatigue, and loss of interest in activities.
Prioritise self-care with a balanced diet, relaxation techniques, and safe exercises. Seek support from loved ones or professionals, and remember, you’re not alone—help is just a thought away.