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<h1><strong>Premature labour</strong></h1>

Premature labour

Premature labour occurs when the body begins preparing for birth earlier than expected. While premature babies may face health complications due to under-development, there are many ways to support both you and your baby throughout this journey.

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What is premature labour?

Premature labour, also known as preterm labour, is when the body starts the birthing process before reaching 37 weeks of pregnancy. 

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Symptoms of preterm labour

If you think you could be experiencing preterm labour, watch out for these symptoms

  • Frequent contractions: More than four contractions in an hour.
  • Lower back pain: Persistent pain, especially if not relieved by changing position.
  • Pelvic pressure: Feeling pressure in your pelvis or lower abdomen.
  • Change in discharge: A sudden increase or change in vaginal discharge.
  • Abdominal cramps: Cramps similar to menstrual pain.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to contact your doctor immediately.

Causes of preterm labour

Although not all causes are preventable, being aware can help you and your doctor take timely action.

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  • Medical history: Previous premature birth, or complications like preeclampsia, increase risk.
  • Multiple pregnancy: Twins, triplets, or more can elevate the likelihood of preterm labour.
  • Infections: Infections in the uterus, urinary tract, or vagina may trigger labour early.
  • Physical factors: Cervical or uterine abnormalities can lead to early contractions.
  • Lifestyle factors: Smoking, poor nutrition, and high stress levels may contribute to premature labour.

Management of preterm labour

Managing preterm labour involves close monitoring and sometimes medical intervention:

  • Medication: Drugs may be given to delay labour, allowing more time for the baby to develop.
  • Hospital stay: In some cases, you might need to stay in the hospital for observation.
  • Lifestyle adjustments: Reducing physical activity and stress can be beneficial.
     

Premature rupture of membranes 

When your water breaks before labour starts, it’s medically referred to as premature rupture of membranes (PROM). 

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What is PPROM?

Rupture or break in the amniotic sac before the 37th week of pregnancy is called PPROM or preterm premature rupture of membranes. You may notice a gush or trickle of fluid.

Why does PPROM happen?

PPROM can occur due to a combination of medical, lifestyle, and structural factors that weaken the amniotic sac or increase pressure on it.

  • Infections: Bacterial infections in the vagina or cervix may weaken the membranes.
  • Overstretching: Conditions like multiple pregnancies or too much amniotic fluid can increase the chance.
  • Smoking: Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a higher risk of PPROM.

Management of PPROM

Managing PPROM requires a delicate balance between prolonging the pregnancy for the baby’s development and minimising risks to both the mother and baby. It typically includes:

  • Antibiotics: To reduce infection risk.
  • Steroids: To promote lung development in the baby, if delivery is imminent.
  • Hospitalisation: To monitor for signs of infection and ensure timely intervention.

 

Top tips to avoid PROM

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Preterm signs 

If you suspect early labour, read up on premature delivery and baby care essentials 

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Stay active 

A moderately intense 30-minute physical activity on most days of the week is great.

Premature baby 

When a baby is born early, special care is needed to ensure their health and development. So, understanding their needs and working closely with your doctors is important. 

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Tube feeding

Premature babies often need assistance with feeding, especially if born very early. This is because their swallowing and sucking reflexes may not be fully developed.

  • Tube Feeding: Nutrients are typically provided through an NG (nasogastric) tube to meet the primary needs of a preterm baby.
  • Guidelines: Feeding frequency and volume are determined by strict premature baby feeding guidelines which your doctor will explain.
  • NICU Care: Preterm care in the NICU includes specialised feeding plans integrated into the nursing care plan to support the baby’s growth.
  • Transition to home: Caring for a premature baby at home involves adapting feeding techniques and gradually transitioning from tube feeding to oral feeding under proper guidance.

Primary needs of a premature baby

Premature babies have unique needs due to their early arrival and underdeveloped organs. Ensuring their health involves addressing these primary needs such as:

  • Warmth: Premature babies may struggle with body temperature regulation.
  • Nutrition: High-calorie nutrition supports rapid growth and development.
  • Monitoring: Regular check-ups for breathing, digestion, and other functions.

Nursing Care

Both their physical and emotional care for preterm babies is essential in providing the specialised support they require to grow and thrive.

  • Physical support: Assisting with feeding, bathing, and gentle touch helps meet the baby's immediate needs and encourages bonding.
  • Monitoring: Continuous observation of heart rate, oxygen levels, and overall growth ensures any issues are identified and addressed promptly.
  • Family guidance: Parents are trained in premature baby care at home, enabling them to transition smoothly and confidently from hospital to home.

FAQs

What is premature labour?

Premature labour occurs when contractions begin and your cervix starts to open before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Babies born this early may face several health challenges and require specialised care in the beginning.

Can preterm labour be stopped?

In some cases, medications and lifestyle changes can help delay labour. Consult your doctor for advice based on your situation.

What are the treatment options for preterm labour?

Treatments include medications to delay labour, steroids for the baby’s lung development, and hospital monitoring.

What does preterm labour feel like?

Preterm labour may feel like backache, abdominal cramping, or pelvic pressure. It’s often similar to menstrual cramps. If you notice these symptoms, reach out to your doctor.

Can bed rest prevent preterm labour?

While it’s commonly suggested, bed rest alone cannot prevent preterm labour. Your doctor may recommend it alongside other interventions, if necessary.

What position should I sleep in to avoid preterm labour?

Sleeping on your side, particularly the left side, improves blood flow and can reduce pressure on your uterus, thus supporting your pregnancy.