Signs of postpartum depression and when should you seek help

In the whirlwind of taking care of a newborn baby, postpartum depression symptoms can go unnoticed. While it's common to feel tired, overwhelmed, or emotional after childbirth, if these feelings persist or are amplified, it may be a sign of something more serious.  

Don't panic when these signs become increasingly evident; instead, seek support immediately. Getting the necessary help when these symptoms appear can make a major difference in recovery. It will not only provide support for the mother but also her family. 

What is postpartum depression? According to Mayo Clinic, postpartum depression is "a form of depression that occurs after giving birth, which can make it difficult for new mothers to care of themselves or their baby."

To fully understand what is postpartum depression, recognising the risk factors and causes of postpartum depression is important. Some of them include:

• Hormonal changes: A significant drop in oestrogen and progesterone levels after childbirth can contribute to feelings of depression.
• Emotional factors: Stress, feelings of inadequacy, or a sense of losing control can increase vulnerability to depression.
• Physical exhaustion: Lack of sleep and the physical demands of caring for a newborn can lead to overwhelming fatigue, contributing to depression.
• Self-harm: A new mother may experience overwhelming feelings of despair and may have thoughts of hurting herself as a way to cope with emotional pain.
• History of depression: Mothers with a history of depression or mental health issues are at higher risk.
• Lack of support: A weak support system from family or friends can increase feelings of isolation and sadness.
• Birth complications: Difficult or traumatic births may increase stress and emotional strain.
• Life stressors: Financial problems, relationship issues, or a lack of stability can contribute to postpartum depression.

After understanding this condition, it is equally important to understand how to deal with postpartum depression. This involves early recognition, seeking medical help, and receiving proper treatment to support recovery and prevent long-term impacts on both the mother's health as well as the newborn baby. 

Common emotional symptoms of postpartum depression include persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, anxiety, and irritability. New mothers may also experience severe mood swings, an inability to enjoy activities they once loved or a feeling of disconnect from their baby.

Studies indicate that postpartum depression affects about 22% of new mothers in India. In addition, many women report feelings of guilt or worthlessness, especially if they are struggling to meet societal expectations of motherhood. Seeking emotional support through initiatives like the National Mental Health Programme can provide support for maternal mental health.

Persistent Sadness and Mood Swings

Persistent sadness and mood swings are well-documented postpartum depression symptoms. Hormonal changes after childbirth, combined with exhaustion and emotional stress, can trigger mood swings and lasting feelings of sadness in many new mothers.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) highlights that persistent sadness, along with emotional instability, is a key postpartum depression symptom. If you notice this feeling lingering for more than two weeks, consult your doctor as this symptom requires medical attention.

Anxiety and Overwhelming Fears

Anxiety and overwhelming fears are other common symptoms of postpartum depression. New mothers may constantly worry about their baby’s health, safety, or their ability to care for the child. These anxious thoughts can become too much to handle, leading to feelings of dread and panic even in regular situations. 

Many mothers constantly fear something bad happening to their babies or feel incapable of handling the demands of motherhood. This heightened anxiety can affect daily functioning, causing insomnia and physical tension. If these feelings persist, consulting a doctor is important to manage anxiety and prevent further mental health issues.

Postpartum depression often leads to significant behavioural and social changes in a new mother. Many new mothers may withdraw from social interactions, avoiding friends and family as feelings of isolation intensify. This can result in strained relationships, especially with partners, as communication and emotional bonding become challenging. Behavioural changes in a postpartum mother may include neglecting personal care, low motivation to perform daily tasks, and difficulty maintaining a routine.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO),these changes, if left untreated, can lead to long-term impacts on maternal mental health. Seeking support and professional help is the only way to overcome these behavioural and social challenges.

Withdrawal from Family and Friends

It is not uncommon for a postpartum mother to feel overwhelmed or disconnected from her friends and family. In fact, withdrawal from social settings and support groups is a known postpartum depression symptom. This can strain relationships, especially with the partner and close family, as communication reduces. The pressures of baby care after delivery, combined with feelings of inadequacy, can intensify this isolation, making it harder for the mother to reach out for help or connect with loved ones.

Loss of Interest in Activities

Loss of interest in activities is a common feature in the pathology of depression, including postpartum depression. A postpartum mother may lose enthusiasm for hobbies, socialising, or even basic self-care, which once brought her joy. This diminished interest can deepen feelings of alienation and emotional withdrawal. Combined with the pressures of baby care after delivery, these symptoms can significantly impact her well-being, making early intervention and support crucial for recovery.

Cognitive symptoms and altered thought patterns often manifest as difficulty in concentrating, memory problems, indecisiveness, and persistent negative thoughts, such as feelings of guilt or worthlessness. Understanding these cognitive changes is crucial for identifying postpartum depression early and getting treatment.
 

The physical postpartum depression symptoms are often significant but can be easily overlooked. Physical manifestations can appear in the following ways:

• Fatigue: Many new mothers may feel extreme tiredness, even after resting.
• Pains and discomfort: Some may suffer from frequent headaches, muscle pains, or digestive discomfort.
• Sleep disturbances: This includes insomnia or excessive sleeping
• Change in appetite: Overeating or reduced appetite are common physical manifestations of postpartum depression.

These physical issues stem from the intense stress and hormonal fluctuations that occur after childbirth. 

The "baby blues" refer to a mild and temporary emotional experience that many new mothers go through after giving birth. It often involves mood swings, sadness, and fatigue, but typically resolves on its own within a couple of weeks. It's important to note that the baby blues are different from postpartum depression, which is more intense and long-lasting, making it harder for mothers to care for themselves or their babies.

Baby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression

• Baby Blues:

1. Involves mild mood swings, irritability, and anxiety.
2. Symptoms usually get resolved within two weeks.
3. Caused by hormonal changes and the stress of adjusting to motherhood.
4. Recovery is quicker as the emotional state tends to improve naturally.

• Postpartum Depression:

1. More intense and long-lasting symptoms such as persistent sadness, overwhelming fatigue, and social withdrawal.
2. Can last for months if untreated.
3. Causes significant difficulty bonding with the baby and affects daily functioning.
4. Recovery can be delayed without medical intervention, requiring early diagnosis and treatment for both the mother's and baby's well-being. 

Recognising when to seek professional help is crucial in understanding how to overcome postpartum depression. If you have noticed persistent symptoms of postpartum depression for more than two weeks, it is time to get professional help. This will make a significant difference in recovery.

Recognising the Need for Support

How long postpartum depression lasts varies from mother to mother. The duration depends on factors such as the severity of symptoms, access to treatment, and personal support systems. Identifying and recognising the need for support in postpartum depression involves paying close attention to emotional and behavioural changes that persist. Key signs include:

• Persistent sadness: Lasting for more than two weeks.
• Severe mood swings: Feeling irritable, angry, or overwhelmed by small tasks.
• Withdrawal: Avoiding family and friends, feeling isolated.
• Difficulty bonding: Struggling to connect emotionally with the baby.
• Fatigue and insomnia: Constant tiredness or trouble sleeping, even when the baby is asleep.
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt: Constant self-blame or feeling inadequate.
• Thoughts of self-harm: Any thoughts of harming yourself or your baby require immediate help.

If any of these symptoms are present, especially when they interfere with daily life, it’s time to seek professional support. Recognising these signs early can prevent the condition from worsening and help initiate recovery.

Treatment Options and Resources

Treatment for postpartum depression typically includes therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) help address negative thoughts and improve emotional coping. If you're dealing with such symptoms, talk to your gynaecologist or doctor and they can point you in the right direction. You can also find therapists who specialise in postpartum depression.

Medications, like antidepressants, are also commonly prescribed and are generally safe for breastfeeding mothers. Support groups and lifestyle changes—like regular exercise, a balanced diet, and mindfulness techniques—can provide additional relief. In some cases, hormone therapy may be recommended to address hormonal imbalances.

There are several support groups in India that offer vital resources for mothers with postpartum depression. These organisations provide counselling and connect mothers to local mental health services. These groups offer crucial support for mothers seeking help and recovery.

How long does postpartum depression last? The answer can vary greatly depending on individual circumstances. Coping strategies and support for new mothers dealing with postpartum depression are essential for emotional recovery and well-being.

One effective strategy is establishing a routine that includes rest, exercise, and a balanced diet, helping to stabilise both physical and mental health. Practising relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or mindfulness, can reduce anxiety and improve emotional regulation.

Equally important is building a strong support network. For those struggling with the pressures of motherhood, delegating tasks or seeking help with baby care can ease the burden. Recognising the need for self-care and asking for support are crucial steps in managing postpartum depression and fostering recovery.

Postpartum depression is a serious condition that can deeply impact a mother’s mental and physical well-being, as well as her ability to care for her baby. Early recognition of symptoms and seeking professional help are critical for recovery. With the right treatment—including therapy, medication, and a strong support system—mothers can overcome postpartum depression and regain their emotional health. Remember, asking for help is not a sign of weakness, but a crucial step toward healing for both mother and child.