Breastfeeding in Third Trimester: Best Practices

So you're in your third trimester now? Congratulations. A million things must be going through your head right now. You must be tired beyond words but also super excited to finally meet your baby, whom you've been bonding with for nine months.

For most mothers this close to delivering, one of the biggest thoughts on their minds is breastfeeding. How will they do it, whether the baby will take to it naturally, and how well they would nourish their child? Breastfeeding is a crucial step in nurturing a newborn, and preparation during the third trimester can significantly improve your success. This guide focuses on the best practices to ensure you are ready to breastfeed as soon as your baby arrives.

During pregnancy, your body undergoes numerous changes to prepare for breastfeeding, and one of the most significant transformations happens in your breasts. 

By the third trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes cause the breasts to increase in size, often becoming fuller, heavier, and more sensitive. This is your body’s natural response to prepare for milk production.

The hormone progesterone stimulates the growth of milk ducts, while oestrogen promotes the enlargement of milk-producing tissues. These changes may result in tenderness or discomfort. Colostrum, the first form of milk rich in nutrients and antibodies, may start leaking in the later stages of pregnancy. This is a positive sign that your body is getting ready for breastfeeding.

Understanding these developments can help expectant mothers feel more at ease with the physical adjustments in preparation for feeding their newborn.

Breast Enlargement and Sensitivity

By the third trimester, hormonal changes cause noticeable breast enlargement and increased sensitivity as your body prepares for breastfeeding. This is due to the growth of milk ducts and milk-producing tissues.

Some women may also experience tenderness or discomfort. Wearing a well-fitted, supportive nursing bra can help provide relief from the additional weight and sensitivity. It's important to embrace these changes as a positive sign that your body is getting ready to nourish your baby after birth.

Colostrum Production

According to research published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), colostrum production begins during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester. This thick, nutrient-rich fluid is packed with immunoglobulins and proteins required for newborn health.

Some women may notice a small amount of this thick, yellowish fluid leaking from their nipples. Although only small amounts are produced, the study highlights that colostrum is perfectly suited for a newborn’s tiny stomach and provides critical immune protection. It also prepares the breasts for the transition to full milk production after childbirth.

Preparing for breastfeeding involves more than just learning the technique—it also requires having the right tools and clothing to make the experience as comfortable and efficient as possible. In the third trimester, it’s a good time to start preparing—preparing mentally, learning the basics of breastfeeding, and gathering the necessary equipment.  Having the right items on hand can help reduce stress, improve your comfort, and ensure that you’re able to establish a good breastfeeding routine once your baby arrives.

Some key items, such as a supportive nursing bra, will provide much-needed comfort as your breasts change during pregnancy and after birth. Additionally, having items like nursing pads, breastfeeding pillows, and breast pumps will ease common challenges like leakage, positioning, or milk storage. While not all of these are mandatory, they can offer convenience and support, helping you and your baby settle into breastfeeding more smoothly from the start.

Let’s explore some of the must-have items in more detail.

Choosing the Right Nursing Bra

A well-fitted nursing bra offers comfort and support, especially as your breasts grow and become more sensitive. Look for:

• Wide straps and a soft, stretchy material.
• Clasps or front-open designs that allow easy access for breastfeeding.
• Multiple hook options to adjust as your size changes.

Choosing a nursing bra that suits the climate and cultural needs is important. Consider the following points when selecting a well-fitted nursing bra:

1. Cotton or breathable fabrics: Opt for bras made of cotton or other breathable materials to keep cool, especially in India’s hot and humid climate.
2. Discreet designs: Choose bras with discreet feeding flaps, which make breastfeeding more convenient, particularly in public or around family members, ensuring both comfort and privacy.
3. Avoid underwire bras: Look for bras without underwires, as these can restrict milk flow and make you uncomfortable, especially during the postnatal period when your breasts are fuller.
4. Affordability: With several affordable, quality nursing bras available in the Indian market, it’s possible to find budget-friendly options without compromising on comfort.
5. Easy to wash: Given the high heat and potential for sweating, choose bras that are easy to wash and dry quickly.

Other Necessary Items

In addition to a good nursing bra, several items can make breastfeeding easier and more comfortable.

• Breast pads are used to absorb any leakage, helping to keep you dry and preventing discomfort or embarrassment.
• Nursing pillows provide added support for both you and your baby, ensuring the correct positioning and reducing strain on your back and arms during feeds.
• A breast pump can be a useful tool, allowing you to express and store milk, which is particularly helpful if you're unable to breastfeed directly or wish to share feeding duties with your partner. 

Learning about breastfeeding before your baby’s arrival is one of the most important steps for success. Understanding how to latch properly, recognising feeding cues, and knowing how to overcome common challenges like sore nipples or low milk supply can make a significant difference. Attending prenatal breastfeeding classes, reading reputable resources, or consulting a lactation expert can also help build your confidence. By preparing in advance, you’ll feel more empowered to provide the best care for your newborn from the very start.

Taking a Breastfeeding Class

Taking a breastfeeding class in the third trimester of pregnancy can help prepare you for the experience of breastfeeding your newborn. Many hospitals and maternity centres offer these classes, they cover topics such as how to breastfeed a newborn baby and understanding key breastfeeding positions like the cradle hold and football hold. One critical aspect discussed is ensuring a good attachment during breastfeeding, where the baby latches properly, preventing discomfort and promoting efficient feeding.

Additionally, these classes often teach how to recognise hunger cues in your baby, such as rooting or sucking on hands, and provide breastfeeding tips for managing common challenges like sore nipples or low milk supply.

Support groups like La Leche League India and local community organisations can further offer guidance, helping you feel more confident.

Consulting with a Lactation Consultant

A lactation consultant can provide valuable, personalised guidance for expectant mothers. They can also offer specialised advice for mothers expecting twins or premature babies. It’s advisable to schedule a consultation during your third trimester to:

• Learn specific breastfeeding tips for common challenges like nipple pain or latching issues.
• Discuss any concerns related to milk supply or breastfeeding with twins or premature babies.

Moreover, an advanced consultation can boost your confidence as you prepare for breastfeeding. Many hospitals in India, including Apollo Hospitals, offer lactation support services, allowing you to consult experienced professionals. This proactive step ensures you’re well-prepared to handle any breastfeeding concerns once your baby arrives.

Proper nutrition and hydration during the third trimester play a crucial role in ensuring breastfeeding success and supporting both your health and your baby’s development. A well-balanced diet not only boosts your milk supply but also ensures that your body is ready for the demands of breastfeeding.

The Indian Academy of Paediatrics recommends a diet rich in proteins, calcium, and iron for pregnant and breastfeeding women to ensure proper lactation and the health of both mother and baby.

Similarly, the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasises the role of nutrients, including proteins, in supporting milk production during breastfeeding. Incorporate foods like lentils, chickpeas, paneer, eggs, chicken, and dairy products into your daily meals, as these provide essential amino acids necessary for lactation and overall well-being.

For omega-3 fatty acids, which are vital for your baby’s brain development, include flaxseeds, walnuts, chia seeds, and fish like salmon or mackerel.

Ensure you get enough calcium and iron by consuming leafy greens like spinach, milk, yoghurt, almonds, and iron-rich foods such as dates, jaggery, and beetroot. According to the Indian Academy of Paediatrics, calcium and iron are critical in the third trimester to support both maternal health and foetal development.

Staying hydrated is equally important. Drink plenty of water, aiming for at least 8-10 glasses a day. Hydration directly impacts milk supply, so keep a bottle of water nearby, especially while breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding, while natural, can present several challenges for new mothers, especially in the early days. Common concerns include sore nipples, low milk supply, and breast engorgement. These issues can often be resolved with proper support and guidance.

Common Concerns and Challenges with Breastfeeding:
 

Creating a comfortable, dedicated space for breastfeeding can make the experience more enjoyable and less stressful for both mother and baby. A calm and relaxing environment will help you focus on feeding and bonding with your newborn.

Start by designating a quiet area in your home, free from distractions, where you can comfortably sit and breastfeed. This could be a cosy corner of your bedroom or a dedicated chair in the living room. The goal is to choose a space where you feel relaxed and can concentrate on feeding.

Pillows are an excellent addition to your breastfeeding space. Use them to support your back, arms, and your baby, which helps to ensure a good breastfeeding position and reduces strain on your body.

To make the process even smoother, keep essentials close by. Having water, snacks, nursing pads, burp cloths, and a phone within arm’s reach can help minimise interruptions during feeding sessions. Staying hydrated and nourished while feeding is crucial for maintaining energy and milk supply.

This comfortable environment fosters a positive breastfeeding experience, making it easier for you to focus on your baby’s needs while ensuring both of you are relaxed and supported.

By following these best practices, gathering the right resources, and staying informed, you can enter motherhood feeling confident and well-prepared for breastfeeding. Recognising the changes in your body, equipping yourself with the right tools, and seeking proper education and support will help ensure a smoother transition into motherhood. Remember, every mother’s journey is unique, and having the right knowledge and tools is important.