Breastfeeding and Ayurveda: A Holistic Perspective

According to Ayurveda, Stanya originates from Ahara rasa (the essence of digested food). Acharya Charaka states that the food consumed by a lactating mother is divided into three parts: one for the mother’s nourishment, one for the fetus (during pregnancy), and one for the formation of Stanya. Acharya Kashyapa elaborates that during pregnancy, Rakta dhatu (blood tissue) transforms to form milk, a process influenced by hormones and reflexes like prolactin and oxytocin in modern terms.
The quality and quantity of Stanya are profoundly affected by the mother’s diet, emotional state, and lifestyle. Formulations with herbs such as Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Vidarikanda (Pueraria tuberosa), and Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) are traditionally prescribed to enhance milk production, known as Stanyajanana dravyas (galactagogues).

Ayurveda texts like Sushruta Samhita describe ideal Stanya as:

• Sheetala (cool in nature)
• Free from impurities
• Easily mixable with water without leaving residues
• Sweet in taste (Madhura rasa)
• Free from froth or streaks
  Such milk provides nourishment (Pushtikara), and immunity (Rogahara), and promotes the healthy growth of the baby. Conversely, vitiated milk (Dushta stanya) caused by the imbalance of Doshas (biological energies) can lead to ailments in infants, such as colic, diarrhoea, or skin conditions.

Ayurveda highlights breastfeeding as an integral part of nurturing a newborn. The practice fosters Vatsalya (affection) and strengthens the emotional bond between mother and child. Acharya Kashyapa states that the mother’s love and physical contact stimulate milk secretion, a process supported by the baby’s suckling reflex. Modern parallels can be drawn with the role of oxytocin in milk ejection.
Breastfeeding is not only essential for the baby’s physical health but also impacts their mental and emotional well-being. The presence of Tryptophan in breast milk aids in the production of serotonin, promoting restful sleep and emotional stability.

Ayurveda provides meticulous instructions for breastfeeding:

1. Preparation: The mother should take a bath and wear clean garments. The application of Prajasthapana dravyas (herbs promoting uterine health) like Shatavari on the head is recommended.
2. Initial Feeding: The process should begin with the right breast, as it is believed to promote Swasthya (well-being).
3. Posture: The mother should sit comfortably, ensuring the baby’s head, neck, and back are aligned. The baby’s abdomen should touch the mother’s.
4. Attachment: The baby’s mouth should cover the nipple and a significant portion of the areola. Signs of good attachment include a wide-open mouth, an outwardly turned lower lip, and the baby’s chin touching the breast.
5. Feeding Duration: Exclusive breastfeeding is advised for the first six months. On-demand feeding is emphasized rather than feeding by a fixed schedule.

In circumstances where the mother cannot breastfeed, Dhatri (wet nurse) is recommended. Acharya Charaka describes an ideal wet nurse as someone who is:

• Of similar constitution (Prakriti) and locality (Desha)
• Free from diseases
• Of sound physical and mental health
• Loving and affectionate towards the baby
  This meticulous selection ensures the baby receives optimal nourishment and care.

For the Baby

1. Nutrition: Breast milk is a complete food containing all essential nutrients, such as proteins, fats, and vitamins, in an easily digestible form.
2. Immunity: It contains antibodies (Raktadoshahara) that protect against infections.
3. Growth and Development: The presence of DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) and ARA (Arachidonic acid) promotes brain development.
4. Disease Prevention: Ayurveda notes that Stanya is Satmya (wholesome) and protects against conditions like colic, respiratory infections, and diarrhoea.

For the Mother

1. Physical Health: Breastfeeding aids in uterine contraction and reduces postpartum bleeding.
2. Weight Management: It helps in shedding postpartum weight by burning calories.
3. Emotional Well-being: Breastfeeding fosters a sense of fulfilment and reduces the risk of postpartum depression.
4. Disease Prevention: Long-term benefits include reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers.

Ayurveda identifies various causes for insufficient milk production (Stanyakshaya), such as:

• Poor nutrition
• Emotional stress (Shoka)
• Overexertion (Shrama)
• Imbalance of Apana Vata

Ayurvedic Interventions

To address these issues, the following remedies are prescribed:

• Dietary Recommendations: Inclusion of Shali dhanya (rice), milk, ghee, and Draksha (raisins).
• Herbal Formulations: Decoctions made from Shatavari, Vidarikanda, and Yashtimadhu.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Adequate rest, yoga, and meditation to alleviate stress.

Weaning (Stanya Apanayana)

Weaning should be a gradual process initiated after six months or when teeth begin to erupt. Acharya Vagbhata recommends supplementing with light, easily digestible foods while continuing breast milk to ensure a smooth transition.
Ayurveda advises introducing solid foods such as Mudga (green gram) or Yusha (soups) in small amounts during the weaning phase. It is crucial to observe the baby’s digestion and tolerance to avoid complications like indigestion or allergies. Gradual adaptation ensures that the baby’s system transitions seamlessly to solid foods.

Certain conditions are deemed unsuitable for breastfeeding:

• Maternal illnesses like tuberculosis or fever (Jwara)
• Consumption of Viruddha Ahara (incompatible foods) by the mother
• Emotional disturbances like extreme grief (Shoka)
  In such cases, alternatives like cow’s or goat’s milk, medicated with Laghu Panchamoola (a group of five light herbs), are suggested. The preparation of substitute milk involves careful processing, such as boiling with Shatavari or Vidarikanda, to enhance its nutritive value and make it more suitable for the infant.

Ayurveda emphasizes the mother’s holistic well-being during lactation. Practices like Abhyanga (oil massage) with nourishing oils such as Bala taila or Ksheerabala taila help reduce physical strain and improve circulation. Daily intake of warm milk with Ghee (clarified butter) and herbs like Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is recommended to rejuvenate the mother’s body and mind.
The emotional environment also plays a pivotal role. Positive interactions, reduced stress levels, and supportive family dynamics are crucial for healthy lactation. Practices like Pranayama (breathing exercises) and meditation are encouraged to maintain emotional stability.

Breastfeeding, as described in Ayurveda, is a divine act that embodies both science and spirituality. The emphasis on Stanya as a wholesome nourishment underscores its irreplaceable value. By integrating Ayurvedic principles, modern practices can be enriched to support maternal and child health holistically. Embracing this ancient wisdom ensures not only physical well-being but also emotional harmony and spiritual growth for both mother and child.