Garbhasthāpaka Dravyas: Substances for Maintaining Pregnancy

Ayurveda offers many pieces of advice and solutions for pregnant women. This natural and effective health science provides a unique remedy for a healthy pregnancy. Central to Ayurveda obstetrics is the concept of Garbhasthāpaka Dravyas, which are substances or herbs specifically beneficial in stabilising and maintaining pregnancy. These are also known as Prajasthāpana Dravyas in classical texts. Their primary role is to ensure a healthy and stable environment for fetal development while preventing complications such as Garbhasrava (miscarriage) and Garbhapata (abortion).

The term Garbhasthāpaka is derived from two Sanskrit roots:

• Garbha (गर्भ), meaning fetus or embryo, and
• Sthāpaka (स्थापक), meaning stabilizing or maintaining.

Garbhasthapaka Dravyas, literally translating to "pregnancy-sustaining substances," are those that nourish both the mother and the developing fetus, strengthen the uterine tissues, and promote a smooth and uncomplicated pregnancy. These substances are carefully selected based on their unique properties and their ability to address the specific needs of the mother and the growing fetus.  

According to Ayurveda, a healthy pregnancy depends on the harmonious functioning of the three Doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, healthy dhatus (bodily tissues) and unobstructed srotas (channels). Imbalances in these Doshas can lead to various complications, including miscarriage, premature birth, and fetal abnormalities. Garbhasthapaka Dravyas are chosen to balance the Doshas, rectify any imbalances, and create an optimal environment for fetal development.  

• Rasayana: These substances possess rejuvenating properties, nourishing both mother and fetus with vital nutrients. They enhance the overall strength and immunity of the mother, enabling her to withstand the demands of pregnancy.
• Balya: Garbhasthapaka Dravyas are also "Balya," meaning they promote strength and vigour. They improve the mother's physical and mental stamina, enabling her to cope with the increased physical and emotional strain of pregnancy.
• Vajikarana: Some Garbhasthapaka Dravyas have "Vajikarana" properties, meaning they enhance reproductive health and fertility. These substances can be beneficial in cases of recurrent miscarriages or infertility.
• Srotoshodhana: These substances possess the ability to clear the channels (Srotas) of the body. This ensures efficient nutrient delivery to the fetus and the removal of waste products.
• Garbhaprasada: Garbhasthapaka Dravyas have a calming and soothing effect on both the mother and the fetus. They reduce anxiety, stress, and emotional disturbances, creating a peaceful and nurturing environment for fetal development. 

The use of Garbhasthāpaka Dravyas is elaborated upon in classical Ayurveda texts. These texts provide guidelines on their application, properties, and benefits.
A specific category of ten herbs called Prajasthāpana Mahākāṣhāya (प्रजास्थापन महाकषाय) is described. These herbs are recognized for their efficacy in supporting pregnancy:

1. Aindri / Indravaruni – Citrullus colocynthis
2. Brahmi – Bacopa monnieri
3. Shatavīrya / Neela Durva  – Cynodon dactylon
4. Sahasravīrya / Shweta Durva – another variety of Cynodon dactylon
5. Amogha / Patala – Stereospermum chelonoides
6. Avyatha / Guduchi – Tinospora cordifolia
7. Shiva  / Haritaki – Terminalia chebula
8. Arishta / Katuki – Picrorhiza kurroa
9. Vatyapushpi / Atibala – Sida rhombifolia or Abutilon indicum
10. Visvaksenakanta / Priyangu – Callicarpa macrophylla 

1. Shatavari – Asparagus racemosus
   • Known as the "queen of herbs" for women's health, Shatavari is a powerful uterine tonic.
   • It promotes the production of healthy reproductive fluids and supports hormonal balance.
2. Guduchi – Tinospora cordifolia
   • Guduchi is renowned for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
   • It is Balya and Rasayana (Provides strength and immunity)
   • It reduces stress and prevents infections during pregnancy.
3. Bala – Sida cordifolia
   • Bala strengthens uterine muscles and provides nourishment to the maternal body.
   • It is also effective in reducing fatigue and weakness.
4. Lodhra – Symplocos racemosa
   • Lodhra is beneficial for managing excessive bleeding and inflammation.
   • It helps in maintaining hormonal balance and preventing miscarriage.
5. Ashwagandha – Withania somnifera
   • Ashwagandha calms Vata dosha and reduces anxiety and stress during pregnancy.
   • It supports fetal growth and enhances maternal vitality.

Remember to use these herbs only with the advice of an Ayurveda physician. Many of these herbs are not recommended for internal consumption. Caution and expert advice are mandatory.

Ayurveda emphasises the role of Ahara (diet) and Vihara (lifestyle) alongside the use of medicinal herbs:

Dietary Recommendations

• Consume Usna (warm and freshly prepared) meals that are Laghu (easy to digest).
• Include milk and ghee for their nourishing properties. Both of them are Santharpana (nourishing) and Jeevana (enlivening).
• Milk is considered a quintessential Garbhasthapaka Dravyas. It is rich in calcium, protein, and other essential nutrients, crucial for the development of strong bones and teeth in the fetus. Ghee is a highly revered substance in Ayurveda. It is easily digestible and provides essential fatty acids, which are vital for brain development in the fetus.  
• Avoid excessively Katu and Amla (spicy and sour) or processed foods.

Categories of Garbhasthapaka Dravyas:

Ayurveda classifies Garbhasthapaka Dravyas into various categories based on their properties and actions:

• Sheeta Dravyas (Cooling Substances): These substances help manage conditions like excessive Pitta, which can manifest as hyperemesis gravidarum (severe morning sickness), heartburn, and skin problems.
  • Examples: Coconut water, cucumber, coriander, milk, ghee (clarified butter)  
• Ushna Dravyas (Heating Substances): These substances are beneficial in conditions associated with Vata imbalance, such as cold extremities, fatigue, and sluggish digestion.
  • Examples: Ginger, black pepper, cinnamon, dry ginger, jaggery
• Madhura Dravyas (Sweet Substances): These substances are considered nourishing and are generally well-tolerated during pregnancy. They provide essential nutrients and energy to both mother and fetus.
  • Examples: Milk, ghee, raisins, sweet potato

Lifestyle Practices

• Adequate rest and gentle exercise, such as yoga, are encouraged.
• Stress management through meditation and breathing exercises helps maintain dosha balance. 

While Garbhasthāpaka Dravyas are generally safe when used under supervision, certain precautions are necessary:

• Dosage should be tailored to the Prakriti (individual's constitution) and specific pregnancy needs.
• Avoid self-medication and consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. 

Garbhasthāpaka Dravyas are a testament to Ayurveda’s profound understanding of prenatal care. These substances not only stabilise pregnancy but also enhance maternal and fetal health by addressing the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of well-being.

Consult with our expert Ayurveda physicians to know more about this. Our expert team will provide you with instructions and a diet that ensures a safe and healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby.