Postpartum Depression: How Ayurveda Can Help

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a mental health condition that affects many women after giving birth. It encompasses various emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms that can hinder a mother’s ability to care for herself and her newborn child. From an Ayurvedic perspective, PPD is understood through the imbalance in Maanasika doshas initiated by the dosha imbalance that occurred dur to the labour. This article delves into the Ayurvedic view of PPD, comprehensively known as Sutika unmaada, examining its potential causes, symptoms, and the different treatment options offered by this ancient system of medicine.

Postpartum Depression is distinct from the more common "baby blues," which typically resolve within a few days to weeks after delivery. PPD can persist for months or even years if left untreated. Symptoms may include:

• Emotional Symptoms: Persistent sadness, anxiety, irritability, and feelings of inadequacy.
• Physical Symptoms: Fatigue, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, and physical pain.
• Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty concentrating and making decisions.

The American Psychiatric Association classifies PPD as a major depressive episode occurring within four weeks of childbirth. It affects approximately 10-20% of new mothers and can lead to severe consequences for both mother and child if not addressed properly.

Now, let us take a look at how Ayurveda views PPD.

In Ayurveda, the postpartum period is referred to as Sutika kala, which lasts for about a minimum of 45 days post-delivery. During this time, the mother undergoes significant physical and emotional changes. Ayurveda textbooks classify the Postpartum spectrum of depressive disorders under one roof - Sutika unmada.

Sutika vishada, or Postpartum Depression, comes under this spectrum. Before we go further deep into it, let us take a look at the contributing factors Ayurveda mentions. Ayurveda identifies several factors contributing to PPD:

• Vata Imbalance: The postpartum phase is seen as a Vata-dominant period due to the physical and emotional stresses of childbirth. An increase in Vata can lead to symptoms associated with PPD.
• Rasa Kshaya or Depletion of Vital Fluids: According to Ayurvedic texts, during pregnancy (Garbhini Avastha), the mother’s body undergoes significant changes that deplete her vital fluids (Rasa). This depletion can affect mental and physical well-being.
• Manodosha: Ayurveda values manas, or the mind, highly. Emotional support is crucial during this period, and a lack of support can exacerbate feelings of isolation and depression.
• Dhatukshaya or Depletion of Essential Tissues: During the labour process, the mother loses a lot of blood; this blood loss can also contribute to the imbalance in the mano-doshas.

Ayurveda views PPD not just as a psychological issue but as a manifestation of deeper imbalances in the body’s doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and dhatus (tissues). 

The aetiology of Sutika vishada (the Ayurvedic term for PPD) includes:

• Maansika Nidana or Psychic Causes: Ayurveda strongly suggests the proper mental care of the Sutika or woman after labour. A completely healthy mind is very essential for the mother as well as the baby. While discussing Sutika Unmada, Ayurveda specifically mentions Mano abhighaata or Mental Trauma, to be a primary reason for women to develop PPD. 

  Mano abhighata can be anything that affects your mind negatively. It can be stress, anxiety or even the feeling of loss and neglect. All these can lead the way to a state of depression after pregnancy.

• Aaharaja Nidana or Dietary Causes: Diet plays a huge role in the production of rasa or the essence of nutrition. This, in turn, helps to balance the mano-doshas or vitiating factors of the mind. Any imbalance in the mano doshas can contribute to PPD.

  Foods that are Virudha (incompatible), Asuchi (unhygienic) and Dushta (spoiled food) can cause an imbalance in the mano-doshas by affecting the Manovaha srotas or the channels of the mind.

• Vihaaraja Nidana Or Habitual Causes: The activities of the Prasuta or the woman after the labour also contribute effectively to PPD. Any abnormal activities or Vishama chesta that affect the equilibrium of the mano-doshas can also play a huge role in the manifestation of this condition.

Being aware of these causes can help you take active preventive actions to keep this condition at bay. Read on to find out the symptoms of PPD according to Ayurveda.

The symptoms mentioned for Postpartum depression are similar to the symptoms of depressive disorders. Ayurveda classifies the symptoms of PPD based on the doshic imbalance. Read them below.

Vataja Symptoms
The symptoms of Vataja imbalance include: 

• Pralapana (talkativeness)
• Ativyaya (excessive energy)
• Chanchalata (racing thoughts)

Pittaja Symptoms
The symptoms of Pittaja imbalance are: 

• Atishraddha (overconfidence)
• Krodha (irritability)
• Raudra bhava (aggression or outward anger directed at others)
• Anidra (loss of sleeping)

Kaphaja Symptoms
The symptoms of Kaphaja imbalance include: 

• Shoka (feelings of sadness)
• Alasya (lethargy)
• Anutsaha (lack of enthusiasm)
• Udaseenata (apathy)
• Aruchi (lack of appetite)
• Atisvapna (oversleeping)
• Alpapravritti (hypoactivity)

These symptoms may manifest in the short term and long term, appearing in countless combinations. Moreover, when these symptoms manifest, the baby may not be completely safe in the hands of the mother alone. Thus, each patient presents as a unique case, requiring individualised attention and treatment.

Ayurveda can offer effective, comprehensive solutions. Read on to find out.

Ayurveda offers a comprehensive approach to managing PPD through lifestyle modifications, dietary recommendations, medications, and psychological support. The following are key components:

1. Sutika Paricharya (Postpartum Care)

This traditional regimen emphasises proper care during the postpartum period:

• Dietary Guidelines: Emphasis on nourishing foods that enhance Rasa Dhatu, such as warm soups (Mamsa Rasa), ghee (Sneha), and herbal decoctions.
• Rest and Support: Adequate rest is crucial; family support plays a vital role in emotional recovery.

2. Medications and Therapies

Ayurveda medicinal formulations, such as decoctions, powders, tablets, and lipid medicines, are available. They can specifically help address the root cause of the issue and also provide symptomatic relief.

Consult with our expert panel of doctors to get personalised care and attention. After thoroughly assessing your condition, our doctor will prescribe the most suitable medicine for you based on your condition.

Ayurveda therapies like Nasya (nasal administration of medicated oil), Snehana (internal administration of fats), Abhyanga (medicated oil massage), Sirodhara (continuous flow of medicated oil over the head), Sirovasthi (retention of the medicated oil in your head) and mild evacuative procedures can effective help in alleviating this condition.

In addition, Ayurveda herbs like Ashwagandha and Brahmi are beneficial for managing PPD. These herbs are often used in formulations that are safe for breastfeeding mothers.

3. Lifestyle Modifications

Encouraging mothers to engage in activities that promote mental well-being:

• Yoga and Pranayama: Gentle yoga practices combined with breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels and improve mood.
• Social Support: Encouraging mothers to connect with family and friends to share their experiences can alleviate feelings of isolation.

4. Satwavajaya Chikitsa (Psychological Counseling)

This involves cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques tailored for postpartum women:

• Counselling Sessions: Regular counselling helps address negative thought patterns associated with depression. This helps to bring the balance to the mano-doshas.
• Mindfulness Practices: Techniques such as meditation can enhance emotional resilience.
   

Ayurveda's comprehensive framework provides valuable insights into identifying the root causes of PPD. By addressing physical imbalances and emotional health through tailored dietary practices, medicinal remedies, lifestyle changes, and psychological support, Ayurveda offers a well-rounded strategy for healing during the postpartum phase.

Mothers facing PPD symptoms should consult qualified Ayurveda practitioners who can customize treatments to meet their specific needs. Prioritising self-care during this crucial period not only supports recovery but also creates a nurturing environment for both mother and child. With the guidance of Ayurveda principles, many women can find relief from the challenges of postpartum depression, allowing them to embrace their new roles with increased joy and fulfilment.